POST WAR EVENTS PART II

POST WAR EVENTS PART II

Despite the structured development plans, the Philippines’ growth failed to take off 
the result of the exploitation of cheap labor and resources. In which case, thePhilippine economyhad lack in the improvement in human capital, 

 The succession of presidencies of Elpidio Quirino (who succeeded the first president, Manuel Roxas), Ramon Magsaysay, Carlos Garcia and Diosdado Macapagal (and even beyond) would administer and embellish this period of inward-looking import substitution. During this time, the growth of import substitution would also see the rise of exclusivistic economic nationalism in which efforts were made to displace or minimize foreign participation in the economy

 business climate, and favorable demographics to rise to a high income economy. In the case of the Philippines, low and volatile levels of capital commitments  

s 

World Bank’s initited the Ease of Doing Business the are reasons was documented  why the Philippines  cannot move to a higher income economy. 

THE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

 

         IRON ORE MINING


 
COAL MINE IN MALANGAS ZAMBOANGA

1960S  CONSTRUCTION OF ROAD LINKING ZAMBOANGA TO CAGAYAN DE ORO

MALANGAS  ROAD To PAGADIAN 1960s


pagadian road


1960S lanao road tp cagayan de oro


Iligan City om 1960s


Divisoria Cagayan de Oro in 1960s




Road from cagayan de oro to Butuan City in 1960s


Butuan City in 1960s


Road construction from Butuan City yo San franz agusan Sur in 1960s


Road consyruction in San Franz agusan sur in 1960s






nickel mine in surIGao norte


GOLD MINE IN MALIMONO SURIGAO NORTE... mALIMONO was the objective of Magellan being known in India as the place where the mountain of gold can be found buy Rajah Culambu argued that gold mine was more feasible in Zubu presently called Cebu 


Mining in Toledo Cebu 
      GOLD MINING IN SURIGAO




GOLD FROM SURIGAO

FORMED IN GOLD BAR

  Liberation from the Japanese rule dawned on September 9, 1944. American planes started their campaign by bombing the town in the early morning. It was followed by a strafing of all Japanese warships docked at the Surigao wharf, which came to transport fresh troops and supplies to their forces in Leyte. No less than fifty warships were sunk by the raiding American bomber planes. After the attack, not a single Japanese ship was seen afloat.    

   On April 12, 1945, peace and democracy completely reigned in Surigao and the whole province. It was during the liberation period that Surigao experienced an economic boom. This was brought about by the operation of the Mindanao Mother Lode Mines, Inc., extracting gold in Barrio Mabuhay. The operation attracted people from the neighboring towns resulting in the phenomenal growth of population.  

Total Factor Productivity   study in the Philippines  show that the growth from 1960-2006 was attributed to capital and labor only 

Philippine Development Plan seeks to achieve inclusive growth through structural change that requires the greater participation of investment in a consumer-driven economy in the demand-side, and a broad-based industrial expansion in the supply-side.

Philippine Economic Policies from 1950s to 2000s

 Philippines has been formulating economic policies
according to the President’s term as early as 1950’s the country planned recovery from the devastating war. There was a need “to adjust the Philippine economy to the situation after 1954 (when US Government payments would have declined),” and “to better enable the country to make the structural adjustments necessary in the transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy with a minimum dependence on outside markets.” Some important instruments used to accomplish this are the following: a.) policy to make foreign exchange increasingly available for use and to gradually eliminate exchange controls to promote economic competition; (b) a complimentary tariff policy to safeguard against the negative effects of relaxing foreign exchange control; (c) a production policy that would promote diversification and a price policy that ensures domestic price stability and reduces, if not eliminate, windfall profits in the import trade; and (g) a commercial policy encouraging expansion to foreign markets while enlarging the domestic market. The Plan prioritized basic industries urgently needed yet cannot be presently undertaken by private industries because of insufficient capital.

the time of President Manuel Roxas 1946 -1948
When Manuel Roxas started his term as the first president of the third republic of the Philippines, the country was paralyzed because World War II just ended. Commerce was experiencing recession because farms and factories were ruined. Transportation efficiency was down due to the bombed roads and bridges. Many people were massacred and towns and cities were burnt down. 80% of the school buildings were ruined which weakened the educational system. The reconstruction cost of these buildings reached 126 million pesos. Also, there was an annual deficit of about 200 million pesos. There was a crime rate hike because some Filipinos patronized the “American gangsters”. The reconstruction of the post-war Philippines fell into the hands of Manuel Roxas.



DURING THE TIME OF ELPEDIO QUIRINO

Poverty was present specifically by the starvation problems of the people in the Mountain Province. Wages of people cannot compensate with the expenses of th people and the prices of the products due to inflation. Famrlands were also disturbed by locusts and plagues of rats which render crops and was useless for the farmers. Housing was a huge problem since the war destroyed several sites in the rural areas which cannot be renovated for future use. Unemployment was also evident because the Americans were gradually decreasing their business in the Philippines



DURING THE TIME OF PRESIDENT RAMON MAGSAYSAY 1953-1957




Magsaysay did manage to enact agrarian reform, giving some 90,000 acres to 4,500 indigent families for settlement/farming purposes. He also set up a process to hear and address citizen grievances, and maintained a reputation for incorruptibility throughout his presidency, all of which went a long way toward ensuring his popularity.






pRES MAGSAYSAY IMPLEMENTE LAND REFORM
IN DEL MONTE TALACOGON AGUSAN SUR AND IN BUKIDNON


DURING MAGSAYSAY TERM AGRICULTURAL CREDIT TO FARMERS WAS IMPLEMENTED..


THE TIME OF PRES CARLOS GARCIA


PRES CARLOS GARCIA

The Philippines agreed to numerous conditions set by the United States as a requirement for the Philippines to receive war reconstruction assistance.

The flow of imports had greatly increased making the Philippines heavily dependent of imported products. Imports coming from the United States were also allowed to enter the country without tariffs, the Philippines also promised not to change its exchange rate from $1 is to P2.

The condition of the Philippines before the administration of Garcia was the Philippines is just recovering from the after effects of World War 2, with this the Philippines experienced several economic challenges.

The main problem that was facing the Garcia administration was the current economic situation during that time. Corruption was also prevalent in the country since he had just inherited the Magsaysay administration. Several cases of corruption were found within the government offices during his administration.

The imports that were coming in the country greatly outnumbered the exports that we were shipping out of the country, making the Philippines highly dependent on foreign products that required dollars to purchase.

PHILIPPINR RECONSTRUCTION MY PRES CARLOS GARCIA









tTGE RISE AND FALL OF 
PRESIDENT FERDINAND MARCOS

Few leaders began their presidency with such promise and ended in such ignominy as the Philippines’ Ferdinand Marcos.

Born in 1917 to a prominent political family in rural Ilocos Norte, Marcos easily won the 1965 presidential election widely regarded as a fair contest with an abundance of charisma and superb oratory skills.

He could also credit his wife, beauty queen Imelda Marcos, whom he married in 1954 and whose glamor and singing voice helped attract crowds to his campaign rallies.




ilocos

MAHARLIKA ROAD OF PRES NARCOS:

Maharlika road was constructed during Marcos time

the highway ad connecting Luzon Visayas and Mindanao

cabanatuan highway






pampanga highway

maharlika road was constructed during Marcos time

the highway ad connecting Luzon Visayas and Mindanao

sorsogon

bicol

maharlika road was constructed during Marcos time


the highway ad connecting Luzon Visayas and Mindanao

leyte

LEYTE

maharlika road was constructed during Marcos time

LEYTE

SOUTHERN LEYTE

SOUTHERN LEYTE

maharlika road was constructed during Marcos time

surigao norte

surigao norte

tubay agusan norte

cabadbaran agusan norte

sibagat agusan sur

bayugan agusan sur 

prosperidad agusan sur 

san franz agusan sur

maharlika road was constructed during Marcos time

rosario agusan sur

davao norte 

davao norte

t

davao norte

the highway ad connecting Luzon Visayas and Mindanao

Martial law
Then in 1972, to the shock of the nation, Marcos declared martial law, saying it was needed to save the country from communist insurgents.


With the continued backing of the United States, the Philippines’ former colonial ruler, Marcos ruthlessly moved to stamp out dissent.


Television, radio stations and newspapers were only allowed to promote his “New Society,” so the public was fed a constant stream of praise for Marcos and his jet-setting wife, whose extravagance was a sharp contrast to the poverty of most Filipinos.


Opposition politicians, including Marcos’ archcritic, Sen. Benigno Aquino Jr., as well as student leaders and other dissidents, were thrown behind bars, as the Philippines descended into a climate of fear.


The Marcos government appears, by any standard, exceptional for both the quantity and quality of its violence,” wrote American academic Alfred McCoy, one of the preeminent historians on the Philippines.

the regime’s security forces killed 3,257 people, many of the victims first abducted, then abused and finally murdered and dumped on a roadside in a warning to others.



‘People Power

Behind closed doors, Filipinos whispered about how Marcos, his relatives and cronies had seized control of the economy, monopolized key industries, skimmed off money from foreign debt-funded infrastructure projects and stashed the wealth abroad.

The end for Marcos began when Aquino, who had been allowed to go to the United States for medical treatment, returned to the Philippines in 1983, seeking to convince his old rival to step down peacefully.

Marcos troops gunned him down as he was descending from the plane at Manila airport in an act that enraged the public.



Slowly, more and more Filipinos found their voice, denouncing Marcos. This culminated in a popular revolt in 1986 led by Aquino’s widow, Corazon, that sent the ailing Marcos and his family fleeing to Hawaii, finally restoring democracy to the Philippines



In the wake of the peaceful “People Power” uprising, the carefully manufactured image of a courageous war hero-turned-leader concerned only for his people quickly fell apart, and his wife became a figure of ridicule.





















Read more: http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/845784/marcos-rise-and-fall-of-a-dictator#ixzz4ayBofrWx
Follow us: @inquirerdotnet on Twitter | inquirerdotnet on Facebook